Definitions of Engineering: Engineering is the study of different types of shapes and qualities, as they study the shapes and angles and distances to each other, divided Minor engineering into two parts: engineering, flat or spherical geometry, and engineering flat considering the shapes that have two dimensions only, ie, that have the length and width, and Engineering Examines the spatial engineering in three dimensions, dealing with excreta, such as rectangles, parallelograms, and three-dimensional cylinder, and cone-shaped objects, spherical objects, etc. ... With any forms that have the length, width and thickness.
Out of engineering science: Engineering has become an essential part of contemporary science can not progress without it. Do you know how I discovered engineering?
Origin of the word Engineering in English (Giomitri) is due to the language of the ancient Greeks, consisting of two words: "Geo", meaning earth, "metric" and the meaning of measurement, and so were the first who discovered Engineering, in each year was the Nile River overflows Vigrq rural areas, which was lead to the removal of boundary markers between the divisions of the earth's different, and they therefore need some way to re-measure pieces Oradhm, Vsammwa a way of marking the territory of the help menus and the mountains, and had their existing in the ground in a suitable place, and was based last placed elsewhere, then conducts Alqaiman rope determines the border, and connecting Qaiman others, it was as a learning space for agriculture or for building ..
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In the beginning, all engineering based on intuition, and intuition, but a milestone Igriqia was named Thales buckled in (600 BC) to demonstrate engineering principles in a scientific manner, and in engineering is called the truth "theory" and discover Thales evidence for some of the theories he put the beginning of the geometry metadata.
But Euclid of Alexandria was granted Engineering develop science, in the year (300 BC) Euclid collect almost all the results of engineering was known until that time, and then organized in a systematic manner in a series of (13) books, and called the name of these books " principles ", has been used by the world all around (2000) two thousand years in the study of engineering, developed Euclid's geometry on these principles, with the passage of the chronic phase athletes are different other branches of engineering, and we are currently studying the many types of engineering such as engineering, analytical, and engineering of triangles, Mnkovski and Engineering (with four dimensions), and non-Ikulaidecep Engineering, Engineering and projective.
We use engineering principles in all our modern life, to develop designs and decoration in architecture, landscapes and gardens, in addition to many of the tools used by surveyors such as the compass and sextant and sundial and other related engineering
History of algebra In Ancient Egypt
The ancient Egyptians knew algebra Fastamiloa equations of the first degree and solve it in different ways as they knew the equations of the second degree and solved issues leading up to it, and the oldest we know from algebra to the Egyptians is found in the papyrus Egyptian writer (Ahmose), which copied about 1650 BC, and He mentions that he was transferred out of this papyrus is due to the About 1850 BC, and it seems from the information contained in these sports
Papyrus dating back to the days of Pharaoh Djoser one of the kings of the Third Dynasty (about 3000 BC), and the owner of the pyramid of Saqqara Waaqid buildings of stone in Egypt, where we find evidence that the ancient Egyptians have known sequences numerical and sequences engineering and knew also the equations of the second degree equations such as: x 2 + y 2 = 100, r = 3 / 4 Q, where Q = 8, r = 6, this equation is the historical basis
To the Pythagorean Theorem a 2 = b 2 + c 2, and the Egyptians called the unknown number (stack).
Babylon
And in about 2000 BC the ancient Babylonians put tables of squares and cubes and solved equations of second and third class
The Greeks
, As the Greeks knew engineering solution to second-degree equations in the age of Pythagoras, and may need to touch Alixanderion examining a algebra (Diophantus), who lived in Alexandria in the third century AD (250 m) in the solution of equations of second instance of positive transactions,
Even American Indians
The Indians knew algebra arose (Irmabhatta) to find the limits of the number of successive calculations, which are known from the first term and the basis and the masses of the border, and Odah (honoring Gupta) in the seventh century AD Amaamudallat base to solve the second division.
And the Arabs
Arabs and has worked to make reparation and wrote it in a scientific organization, so that (Kajor) said: ((The reason to be surprised when he sees what his work
Arabs in Algebra .. )) And of the most famous writings book (algebra and interview) for the Mohammed bin Musa Khwarizmi, and book tents in algebra, which he published (and our return in March 1851), Department of Arab equations into six sections, and put the solutions to all of them, and used the icons in the business
Sports and discussed the binomial theorem, and created a law to create a total of natural numbers, and cursed roots endocrine and paved the discovery of logarithms.
And in the thirteenth century AD began Mathematical Sciences at the Arabs and the other transmitted to Europe through Andalusia Vtorgomoa books by Arabs in the various sciences and including Algebra stood Alrhb Jordans (about 1220) by replacing the words in terms of constraint symbols, and has done contemporary (Fibonacci) the same thing in motion, a book about the account and the principles of algebra in which he explained influenced by the writings of full-Khwarizmi and Abu El-Alamein two Arab.
In the sixteenth century scientists to solve equations of the third degree and fourth, and in the late seventeenth and eighteenth reached impressive results in their research on power series and their properties.
And the West
And in the nineteenth century began to discover other Vapetkr algebra (Hamilton, 1805-1865) reparation Quartets called his name, and dissemination of the sporting world (Grassman 1809 to 1877) a book containing some of the types of redress other public, and created the English scientist (1821-1895 Kelly ) algebra of matrices
And the research (Paul 1815-1864) may have emerged since 1854 and from this research Boolean algebra, also appeared in 1881 forms of art to illustrate the Boolean algebra, invented and Pierce 1780 Coordination linear algebra
A prominent figure in the field of engineering
Arab personality capable
Have a lot of credit for road engineering
This personal name : Thabit ibn Qurra (211-288 AH / 827-900 AD)
Thabit ibn Kara bin Marwan ibn Thabit ibn Ibrahim ibn Kraya bin Marnillos bin Salamans According to another report that his name: "Thabit ibn Kara bin Marwan bin Giwra bin Marinon Ben Solomon Aharani" known Baharani, alias Abu al-Hasan, Athlete, doctor, naturalist, astronomer, musician, translator, born in Harran, on the River Balikh a tributary of the Euphrates River.
The primary education in Harran since the Islamic conquest of mosques and schools (madrassas), and Arabic was the language of instruction in the early stages, and a steady income of these schools, and learn the language, poetry, and jurisprudence, and Hadith, and the Holy Quran. When completed a fixed five-year-old, he joined the workshops of science in the Great Mosque of ecstasy - The Temple of Chara earlier - to receive his higher education at the hands of teachers in both Syriac and Greek in addition to Arabic, and received the rings this mosque lessons of philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, logic, and medicine in these three languages and studied books adopted in pure science, which is written: Aristotle, Plato, and Euclid, and Galen.
He has trained hard at the hands of teachers, Jama Masjid to read the texts of Greek and Syriac read sound in clear language, and to ascertain the authenticity of these texts and not spoofed, then trained to explain the text and comment in conjunction with his fellow students, and then trained on the transfer of texts from the Syriac or Greek into Arabic, in the work of a common collective. Were bringing the meaning of freedom, then Isogonh Bolvazam own. When it difficult for them to find the word Arabic word corresponding to the Greek or Syriac was the teachers allowed them by keeping the original language to find him to be derived commensurate with the new meaning in the Arabic language. As well as training hard on the development of Queen conservation has it Emad education at that time, was the preserve of mosques and the summaries developed by the teachers, and provide them with fellow students explanations may not be the annotations to teachers of the mosque, who are keen to provide freedom of research and reflection for students of the stage of higher education.
Emerged constant among his peers in the mosque of the Great Mosque, and excellence in the encyclopedic-minded philosophy and mathematics in particular. Fixed and passed in science and teaching, who became his right to uncover the secrets of science, and interpretation of the books of Aristotle and Euclid, and not you Ton and others. Were invited: Sidikie.
And issued a fixed teaching of the Great Mosque, a mosque in the twenty years old in 230 AH - 844 AD and was renowned in the land of harmful north of the island (the land of the north between the Tigris and Euphrates). Among the books studied by the fixed bin Kara Jama Masjid book "cones" of Apollonius of Tyre, and the book "hormonal rhythm" to Orcetksinos Altaranti (lived around 350 BC)..
Among the books studied by the constant Mosque Great Mosque of Medicine wrote, "Galen Albergami" (who lived between 130-202 BC.), And the constant call Mr. Hakim, as was the argument supports the wisdom of Hippocrates: "The preservation of health in the payment of disease, including Idhadh" . Among the books studied by the constant at the Institute of the mosque books of Greek philosophy, particularly Aristotle and Plato and Socrates. Has taken a hard stance in philosophy did not satisfy his fellow professors. The highest fixed would freedom mental, and here began the dispute between him and them, has been prepared by the authorities Abbasid ruling in Harran, and with that more young people Harran scientists were with the constant, has increased by the pressure of life, and I said space freedom in teaching, Jama Masjid, so much so that a fixed After four or five years of teaching on a mission to escape to the village "Kufr Totha", a large village situated between the towns of Ras al-Ain in the east and the land of Haran in the West Island.
The fixed worked ecstasy Irsada books Ptolemy astronomical, and translated some of them relying on the texts, Syriac, Greek, and explain the book "assets" of Euclid, a book in Engineering, then proceeded to translate, and addressed to demonstrate the Muslim Euclid, and tried to convert to the theory of "two parallel lines" in Book Title: Evidence that the two parallel lines if the restraint on less than two parallel straight Althama together. In 234 AH - 848 AD left fixed to the town of Kafr Totha tenderness, and established what it's like to be a high school to teach philosophy, astronomy, medicine, and belonged to this school sects: Hurrian, Christianity, Judaism.
One of his disciples Hurrians: two sons: Sinan, Ibrahim, the son of his sister-Battani, and the sons of the morning Hurrian: Mohamed Ibrahim and Hussein, were the prominent translators, and scholars of Engineering, and the apple bin Qmita, Abu spirit Alsabi, and Ibrahim bin Zahron recently fixed bin joy, and acid bin Isa has the right Thaabit Baghdad and later helped him in translation, and Bin Qasim Ayub, advancement, Othman Ibn Anbasa has come to be known later translators in Baghdad, and it was his disciples Abu praise excelled in philosophy and medicine.
When fame Thabit ibn joy in the land of the island, sought by the children of the children of Moses to be translated to them in Baghdad, books, and corrects some of what was translated them, and fit them Orsadhm Observatory diaconal and explain to them the mysterious science of tricks and other engineering sciences.
Met Mohammed bin Musa bin Shakir eldest son of Bani bin Shaker Thaabit delight in tenderness, and took him to the land of Mohammed with the Byzantines to bring the Greek books, and then took him with him to Baghdad in 251 AH - 865 AD during the reign of Caliph Musta'in God.
In Baghdad, became the constant friend of the Minister, "I'm Bulbul," Khalifa was adopted (256-279 AH / 869-892 AD) was angry with his brother "Mutadid God" and imprisoned when I'm Bulbul, and the constant was visited at his home three times a day, and became the constant friend of the Matdd When out Mutadid took over the caliphate in 279 AH - 892 AD request constant, and insert it into the inter astronomers tiles succession, and was fixed has become a world encyclopedic His eloquence, brilliant in the translation, and classification of books in Arabic and Syriac, but he was venerated at Mutadid loud thanks to the status of Hurrian in the land of the island, landed their conditions in the presence of the caliphs in the life of a firm and beyond. Mutadid He used to ask questions in the presence of a constant mentor, the illustrious philosopher the world Sarkhasi answers about fixed answers were impressive gain Mutadid and mentor and counseled. The collection of those hard answers, and the making of them a book composed of two parts in about two hundred and paper and called it: an answer in order of time.
Engineering a mathematics, or the first in the eyes of Ben Sinai, which is learning to deal with the point, straight, surface, space and leads to the study of shapes in terms of total measurements of angles, spaces, size and impact of movements which, as concerned with identifying degrees of curvature of the surface 0 and one of these types of Engineering-called analytic geometry that could be used to solve some issues and possible arrest engineered to express mathematical formulas geometric models.
Engineering and analytical critical importance when studying the most mathematics and applications of the physical and technical sciences as well as 0 and Engineering helped to study the properties of space and engineering in the modern era are associated with everything that is new as it is considered the basis for the interpretation of images in computer science.
The analytic geometry Introduction to Differential Geometry (traffic engineering) and algebraic geometry, where the differential geometry is specialized in studying geometric shapes and special curves and surfaces in terms of properties of engineering through the application of calculus because the emergence of differential geometry to the first half of the eighteenth century and the first of the foundations of this part of the Mathematics Euler - Scolded - Gauss differential geometry has evolved with the development of mathematical analysis until now has close link with the physical sciences and engineering sciences as well as her direct applications for many of Applied Science and Engineering Alheidrodenameka .
Architecture
The art and science of designing and erecting buildings and other physical structures .
Architects plan, design and review the construction of buildings and structures for the use of people. Architects also coordinate and integrate engineering design, which has as its primary objective the creative manipulation of materials and forms using mathematical and scientific principles .Architecture today
Part of the architectural profession, and also some non-architects, responded to Modernism and Postmodernism by going to what they considered the root of the problem. They felt that architecture was not a personal philosophical or aesthetic pursuit by individualists; rather it had to consider everyday needs of people and use technology to give a livable environment .
Reference:( en.wikipedia.org )
Architecture of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is a land rich in culture and heritage. Keeping in mind the desert climate and the extremities of temperature architects of the past had constructed ideal abodes for the residents. Typically the Arab architecture falls under four distinct schools - the central Najd Plateau, the Arabian Gulf coastal region, the Hijaz region along the Red Sea coast and the Asir region in the southwest. Each of these schools follow distinctive styles. The Architecture of Saudi Arabia is ancient and renowned. In fact the Saudi Arabian Architecture speaks oodles about the inherent artistry of its people.
Reference:
(www.asiarooms.com )
Growing historic architecture:
